Summarizing Chapter 1.2

Summarize Chapter 1.2 : Investigating Matter

Chemical Change

· A chemical change is a change in matter that occurs when substances combine to form new substances

· A type of chemical change is when ice cubes turn into water and then into water vapor

Changes of State

· Chemical change: involves substances reacting to forn new substances

· Physical change: there is a change in appearance but no new substance is formed

o Solid: has a definite shape and volume

o Liquid: has a definite volume but no definite shape

o Gas: its shape and volume is determined by its surroundings

The Particle model of matter

· Chemistry includes facts and observations about matter, laws that summarize patterns in behavior and theories

· A theory is a scientific explanation based on the results of experimentation

· All matter is made up of very small particles. You can’t see them with your eye or a light microscope

· There are spaces between particles

· The amount of space between particles is different depending on what state the matter is in

· The particles that make up matter are always moving

· Particles are attracted to one another

The Kinetic Molecular Theory

· Kinetic energy is the energy of motion

· All particles in water, solid and gas are always moving

· Kinetic Molecular Theory:

o All matter is made up of very small particles

o There is empty space between particles

o Energy makes particles move

o Particles are constantly moving:

§ Particles of a solid are tightly packed together so they can only vibrate

§ Particles of liquid are farther apart and can slide past each other

§ Particles in gas are far apart and they move quickly

Temperature and Changes of State

· When heat is added to a substance, its particles gain energy and vibrate faster

· When heat is removed from a substance particles move energy and move slowly

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Describing matter

· Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be observed ir measured

· Qualitive properties are properties that can be described but not measured

· Quantitive properties are characteristics that can be measured numerically

Pure Substances

· A pure substance that is made up of only one kind of matter

· An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances

· A compound is a pure substance composed of at least two elements combined in a specific way

Properties of Substances (Chrystal notes)

· Properties of matter are used to describe the physical and chemical properties

-colour -hardness -texture -dimension

-density -melting point -freezing point

-boiling point -state at S.T.P -flamability -malleable